(Map is approximate and for illustration purpose only.) 

Map highlights: Greek city-communities develop during the Geometric period – Trade expands; Greek overseas settlement grows later in the 8th century BCE – Villanova culture flourishes in central Italy; early Etruscan society develops – Hallstatt / Late Urnfield cultures spread across Central Europe – Tartessos emerges in southwest Iberia amid expanding metal trade – Phoenician maritime settlement expands – In Anatolia; Phrygia is centered at Gordion – Urartu is a major power – Early Lydia develops – Neo-Assyrian Empire expands to Kalhu – Phoenician cities, Aramaean states, Israel, and Judah shape the Levant – Egypt remains politically fragmented – Later Vedic cultures flourish in the Luru-Panchala region – Iron technology and regional exchange networks expand across South Asia – Western Zhou rule continues in China

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