(Map is approximate and for illustration purpose only.)

Map highlights: Western Europe is divided among Anglo-Saxon, Frankish, Visigothic, and Lombard realms – Avars and Slavs are major forces in central and Eastern Europe – Roman traditions survive in law, urban life, and Christianity – Constantinople remains a great imperial and Christian center in the Byzantine Empire – The Sasanian Empire controls Iran and Mesopotamia, with Ctesiphon as a major center – Northern India is politically fragmented after the Guptas – Chalukyas and Pallavas are major peninsular powers – Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions flourish, while trade links India with Southeast Asia – The Sui dynasty reunified China in 589 – Aksum remains a major Christian kingdom in Africa/Red Sea region

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