(Map is approximate and for illustration purpose only. )

Map highlights: Roman Empire faces internal instability, economic challenges, and frontier pressure – Christianity is widespread over the Western Roman Empire – Constantinople is the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire – The Sassanian Empire (Persia) is major rival to Rome and dominant in Iran and the Near East – The Gupta Empire is flourishing and a period of cultural and intellectual achievement – China is divided between the Eastern Jin in the south and competing states in the north (Sixteen Kingdoms) – in Africa a major Christian kingdom developed in Aksum at the Red Sea – The Huns are a major steppe power, shaping politics in Eurasia – Expanding trade connects the Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Silk Road.

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