1200 BCE - Late Bronze Age a Turning Point
Palaces, trade and mounting pressures before the Bronze Age collapse. During this time ancient cultures produced several foundational texts: The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tukulti-Ninurta Epic, and The Rigved.
(Map is approximate and for illustration purpose only.)
Map highlights: Urnfield cultures across Central Europe – Terramare culture in northern Italy, Alpine people in central and southern Italy – Powerful Greek palace civilization with major centers at Mycenae, Pylos and Tiryns – Greek civilization under severe pressure from internal problems, earthquakes, and external peoples – Hittite Empire in Anatolia at the height of power but near collapse by 1200 BCE – Kassite Babylonia centered at Babylon – New Kingdom in Egypt at great power – Late Shang Dynasty in China with major center at Anyang and expanding power in North China
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